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According to Canada's 2011 National Household Survey, there were 1,053,945 Muslims in Canada or about 3.2%〔(Muslims in Canada ), Canada 2011 National Household Survey〕 of the population, making them the second largest religion after Christianity. In the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), 7.7% of the population is Muslim.〔(The Profile of Muslims In Canada ), Abdul Malik Mujahid.〕 A majority of the Muslim population in Canada follows Sunni Islam, while a significant minority adheres to the Shia and Ahmadiyya branch.〔name=environics>http://www.environicsinstitute.org/PDF-MuslimsandMulticulturalisminCanada-LiftingtheVeil.pdf -- Muslims and Multiculturalism in Canada. March 2007. Retrieved 2011-03-26.〕 ==Demographics, concentration, and life== The majority of Canadian Muslims live in the province of Ontario, and especially in and around the Greater Toronto Area. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, there were 424,925 Muslims living in the Greater Toronto Area equaling 7.7% of the total metro population.〔(Toronto Muslim Population )〕 It consists of people from all across the Muslim world but there are especially a large number of Muslims of Indian, Pakistani, Iranian and Egyptian/Arab descent. Canada's national capital Ottawa hosts many Lebanese, South Asian and Somali Muslims, where the Muslim community numbered approximately 65,880 or 5.5% in 2011.〔(Ottawa Muslim Population )〕 Greater Montreal's Muslim community was 221,040〔(Montreal Muslim Population )〕 in 2011 or nearly 6% of the total metro population and included large numbers of people of Moroccan, Algerian and Lebanese descent. In addition to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, nearly every major Canadian metropolitan area has a large Muslim community, including Vancouver (73,215), where more than a third are of Iranian descent, Calgary (58,310), Edmonton (46,125), Windsor (15,575), Winnipeg (11,265), and Halifax (7,540). In recent years, there has been rapid population growth in Calgary and Edmonton because of the booming economy.() Most Canadian Muslims are people who were raised Muslim. As with immigrants in general, Muslim immigrants have come to Canada for a variety of reasons. These include higher education, security, employment, and family reunification. Others have come for religious and political freedom, and safety and security, leaving behind civil wars, persecution, and other forms of civil and ethnic strife. In the 1980s, Canada became an important place of refuge for those fleeing the Lebanese Civil War. The 1990s saw Somali Muslims arrive in the wake of the Somali Civil War as well as Bosniaks fleeing the breakup of the former Yugoslavia. However Canada has yet to receive any significant numbers of Iraqis fleeing the Iraqi War. But in general almost every Muslim country in the world has sent immigrants to Canada – from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Albania to Yemen and Bangladesh.〔2001 Census of Canada: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/home/index.cfm〕 The fertility rate for Muslims in Canada is higher than the rate for other Canadians (an average of 2.4 children per woman for Muslims, compared with 1.6 children per woman for other populations in Canada)〔(Region: Americas )〕 There are a plethora of Halal/Zabihah restaurants across Canada and especially in the Toronto metropolitan area. In Toronto alone, there are more than 400 Halal/Zabihah restaurants 〔(Zabihah.com )〕 A coalition of community groups called on Parti Québécois (PQ) leader Pauline Marois to disassociate from the party's agriculture critic’s statements about religious ritual slaughter. The coalition’s members in the majority were from outside the Jewish and Muslim communities. They denounced André Simard’s statements about the humaneness of halal and kosher slaughter, the safety of such meat, and his perception that such practices clash with “Quebec values.”〔http://www.cjnews.com/news/canada/ethnic-coalition-deplores-kosher-halal-criticism〕 Table 1: Muslim Population of Canada in 2011〔http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E〕 As the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees freedom of religious expression, Canadian Muslims face no official religious discrimination. Under Section 2(a) of the Charter, the wearing of a ''hijab'' is permitted in schools and places of work, although Quebec has ruled that medical faculties are not required to accommodate Muslim women who wish to be served by female employees. Religious holidays and dietary restrictions are also respected, but outside major urban areas it may be difficult to find halal food. It is also often difficult to observe Islamic rules against usury. Muslims in some parts of Canada have asked to have family dispute courts to oversee small family cases but were faced with rigorous opposition from traditional groups and liberal Muslim groups, labelling the request as a move towards imposing a Sharia Law. This proposal was opposed by the Muslim Canadian Congress, the Canadian Council of Muslim Women and non-Muslim women's groups.〔Boase, Sharon, "Women's groups fight sharia in Ontario; Two reports submitted by a Muslim women's organization say introducing Islamic law into the province will harm the rights of vulnerable women", ''Hamilton Spectator'', September 16, 2004〕〔Ogilvie, Megan, "Canadian Muslims give mixed reviews on moratorium; Debate urged on Islamic penal code Proposal would halt death penalty Proposal would halt stoning, death penalty Debate urged on Islamic penal code", ''Toronto Star'', April 1, 2005.〕 In light of publicity, Muslims in Canada have elected to put the subject to rest. In December 2011 Jason Kenney, Canada's Minister of Immigration, Citizenship, and Multiculturalism, announced that women would be required to have their faces uncovered during citizenship ceremonies. In September 2015, the Federal Court of Appeal ruled 3-0 against the ban imposed by the Conservative led govenment. The government on September 18th 2015 sought to suspend the court ruling until the Supreme Court could hear an appeal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam in Canada」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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